Chidziwitso cha Khofi - Zipatso za Khofi ndi Mbewu
Mbeu za khofi ndi zipatso ndizofunika kwambiri popangira khofi. Amakhala ndi zovuta zamkati ndi zigawo zolemera za mankhwala, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kukoma ndi kukoma kwa zakumwa za khofi.
Choyamba, tiyeni tione mmene mkati mwa zipatso za khofi. Zipatso za khofi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa khofi yamatcheri, ndipo kunja kwake kumaphatikizapo peel, zamkati, ndi endocarp. Peel ndi gawo lakunja la chitumbuwa, zamkati ndi gawo lotsekemera la chitumbuwa, ndipo endocarp ndi filimu yomwe imakutira njere. Mkati mwa endocarp, nthawi zambiri mumakhala mbewu ziwiri za khofi, zomwe zimatchedwanso nyemba za khofi.
Mbewu za khofi ndi zipatso zimakhala ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana, omwe chofunika kwambiri ndi caffeine. Caffeine ndi alkaloid yachilengedwe yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsa dongosolo lamanjenje ndipo ndiye gawo lalikulu muzakumwa za khofi zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kukhala osangalala. Kuwonjezera pa caffeine, mbewu za khofi ndi zipatso zimakhalanso ndi antioxidants, monga polyphenols ndi amino acid, zomwe zimapindulitsa pa thanzi laumunthu.
Pankhani ya kupanga khofi padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa International Coffee Organisation (ICO), kupanga khofi padziko lonse lapansi ndi pafupifupi matumba 100 miliyoni (60 kg / thumba), pomwe khofi wa Arabika amakhala pafupifupi 65% -70%. Izi zikusonyeza kuti khofi ndi chimodzi mwa zakumwa zotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ndizofunika kwambiri pa chuma cha padziko lonse.
Zifukwa za kuwawa kwa khofi
Chimodzi mwa magwero a khofi kuwawa ndi bulauni inki. Mamolekyu akuluakulu amtundu wa bulauni adzakhala ndi zowawa kwambiri; Pamene kuwotcha kukukulirakulira, kuchuluka kwa utoto wofiirira kudzachulukanso, ndipo chiŵerengero cha mitundu ikuluikulu ya bulauni chidzachulukanso moyenerera, motero kuwawa ndi kapangidwe ka khofi wokazinga kwambiri kudzakhala kolimba.
Chifukwa china chakuwawa kwa khofi ndi "cyclic diamino acid" yopangidwa ndi amino acid ndi mapuloteni pambuyo pa kutentha. Mapangidwe a mamolekyu omwe amapanga ndi osiyana, ndipo zowawa zimakhalanso zosiyana. Kuphatikiza pa khofi, cocoa ndi mowa wakuda amakhalanso ndi zinthu zotere.
Chotero kodi tingalamulire mlingo wa kuwawidwa mtima? Yankho ndiloti inde. Tikhoza kuletsa kuwawa kwake mwa kusintha mtundu wa khofi, mlingo wa kuwotcha, njira yowotcha, kapena njira yochotsera.
Kodi kukoma kowawa kwa khofi ndi kotani?
Zosakaniza zowawa mu nyemba za khofi zimaphatikizapo citric acid, malic acid, quinic acid, phosphoric acid, ndi zina zotero. Koma izi siziri zowawa zomwe timamva tikamamwa khofi. Kukoma kowawa kumene timalawa kumachokera ku asidi omwe amapangidwa powotcha.
Powotcha nyemba za khofi, zigawo zina za nyemba zimasinthana ndi kupanga ma asidi atsopano. Chitsanzo choyimira kwambiri ndi chakuti chlorogenic acid imawola kupanga quinic acid, ndipo oligosaccharides amawola kupanga volatile formic acid ndi acetic acid.
Chidulo chochuluka mu nyemba zokazinga ndi quinic acid, yomwe imawonjezeka pamene kuwotcha kukuzama. Sizingokhala ndi zinthu zambiri, komanso zimakhala ndi kukoma kowawa kwambiri, komwe kumakhala gwero lalikulu la khofi wowawasa. Zina monga citric acid, acetic acid, ndi malic acid zilinso ndi khofi wambiri. Mphamvu ndi katundu wa zidulo zosiyanasiyana ndi zosiyana. Ngakhale zonse ndi zowawasa, zosakaniza zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Momwe kukoma kowawa kumatulutsidwa kumakhala kosiyana malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha chitsanzo. Pali chinthu mu quinic acid chomwe chimatha kutulutsa kukoma kowawasa ndikubisa kukoma kowawasa. Chifukwa chomwe khofi wophikidwa amakhala wowawa kwambiri ndi chifukwa chowawa chomwe poyamba chinali chobisika chimatha pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi.
Kuti musunge kununkhira kwatsopano kwa nyemba za khofi, choyamba muyenera kulongedza katundu wapamwamba kwambiri komanso wogulitsa katundu wokhala ndi zokhazikika.
Ndife opanga okhazikika popanga matumba onyamula khofi kwa zaka zopitilira 20. Takhala m'modzi mwa opanga matumba akuluakulu a khofi ku China.
Timagwiritsa ntchito mavavu abwino kwambiri a WIPF ochokera ku Swiss kuti khofi yanu ikhale yatsopano.
Tapanga zikwama zokometsera zachilengedwe, monga matumba opangidwa ndi kompositi ndi zikwama zobwezerezedwanso, komanso zida zaposachedwa za PCR.
Ngati mukufuna kuwona satifiketi yoyenerera ya YPAK, chonde dinani kuti mutilumikizane.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-02-2024
