Isi yose TOP 5 ikora
•1 、Impapuro mpuzamahanga
Impapuro mpuzamahanga nisosiyete ikora impapuro nogupakira hamwe nibikorwa byisi.Mu bucuruzi bw'isosiyete harimo impapuro zidafunze, inganda n'abaguzi bapakira n'ibicuruzwa byo mu mashyamba.Icyicaro gikuru cy’isosiyete iherereye i Memphis, muri Tennesse, muri Amerika, gifite abakozi bagera ku 59.500 mu bihugu 24 n’abakiriya ku isi.Isosiyete yagurishije mu mwaka wa 2010 yari miliyari 25 z'amadolari y'Amerika.
Ku ya 31 Mutarama 1898, uruganda rukora impapuro n’impapuro 17 rwahujwe no gushinga sosiyete mpuzamahanga y’impapuro i Albany, muri New York.Mu myaka ya mbere y’isosiyete, Impapuro mpuzamahanga zakoze 60% by’impapuro zikenerwa n’inganda z’itangazamakuru muri Amerika, kandi ibicuruzwa byayo na byo byoherezwa muri Arijantine, Ubwongereza, na Ositaraliya.
Ibikorwa mpuzamahanga byubucuruzi bikubiyemo Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Amerika y'Epfo, Uburayi harimo Uburusiya, Aziya na Afurika y'Amajyaruguru.Impapuro mpuzamahanga zashinzwe mu 1898, ubu n’isosiyete nini ku isi n’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku mashyamba n’amashyamba kandi ni imwe mu masosiyete ane yonyine yashyizwe ku rutonde muri Amerika afite amateka y’ikinyejana.Icyicaro cyacyo ku isi giherereye i Memphis, muri Tennesse, muri Amerika.Mu myaka icyenda ikurikiranye, yagizwe isosiyete yubahwa cyane mu bicuruzwa by’amashyamba n’inganda z’impapuro muri Amerika ya Ruguru n'ikinyamakuru Fortune.Yiswe imwe mu masosiyete akomeye ku isi n’ikinyamakuru Ethisphere mu myaka itanu ikurikiranye.Muri 2012, yashyizwe ku mwanya wa 424 kurutonde rwa Fortune Global 500.
Ibikorwa bya Paper International n'abakozi muri Aziya biratandukanye cyane.Ikorera mu bihugu icyenda byo muri Aziya, ivuga indimi zirindwi, ifite abakozi barenga 8000, icunga umubare munini w’inganda zipakira hamwe n’imashini zimpapuro, hamwe n’urusobe runini rwo kugura no gukwirakwiza.Icyicaro gikuru cya Aziya giherereye i Shanghai, mu Bushinwa.Impapuro mpuzamahanga zagurishijwe muri Aziya mu mwaka wa 2010 zingana na miliyari 1.4 z'amadorali y'Amerika.Muri Aziya, Impapuro mpuzamahanga ziyemeje kuba umuturage mwiza no gufata neza inshingano z’imibereho: kwitabira imishinga yo gutanga ibiruhuko, gushyiraho buruse za kaminuza, kwitabira imishinga yo gutera ibiti kugirango igabanye ikirere cya karuboni, nibindi.
Ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga byimpapuro nuburyo bwo gukora impapuro mpuzamahanga biha agaciro kanini kurengera ibidukikije.Impapuro mpuzamahanga ziyemeje gukomeza iterambere rirambye, kandi ibicuruzwa byose byemejwe n’abandi bantu harimo gahunda y’ibikorwa by’amashyamba arambye, Inama ishinzwe kwita ku mashyamba hamwe na gahunda yo kumenyekanisha amashyamba.Impapuro mpuzamahanga ziyemeje kubungabunga ibidukikije zigerwaho hifashishijwe gucunga umutungo kamere, kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije no gushyiraho ubufatanye bufatika.
•2 Berry Global Group, Inc.
Berry Global Group, Inc.Icyicaro cyayo kiri i Evansville, muri Leta ya Indiana, gifite ibikoresho birenga 265 n’abakozi barenga 46.000 ku isi, iyi sosiyete yinjije ingengo y’imari 2022 yinjiza amadolari arenga miliyari 14 kandi ni imwe mu masosiyete akomeye akorera muri Indiana yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa Fortune Magazine.Isosiyete yahinduye izina iva muri Berry Plastics ihinduka Berry Global muri 2017.
Isosiyete ifite ibice bitatu by'ingenzi: Ubuzima, Isuku n'Umwuga; Gupakira abaguzi;n'ibikoresho bya injeniyeri.Berry avuga ko ari umuyobozi wisi ku isi mu gukora imipira ya aerosol kandi anatanga kimwe mu bintu byagutse by’ibicuruzwa.Berry afite abakiriya barenga 2500, barimo ibigo nka Sherwin-Williams, Borden, McDonald's, Burger King, Gillette, Procter & Gamble, PepsiCo, Nestlé, Coca-Cola, Walmart, Kmart na Hershey Foods.
I Evansville, muri Leta ya Indiana, isosiyete yitwa Imperial Plastics yashinzwe mu 1967. Ku ikubitiro, uruganda rwakoresheje abakozi batatu kandi rukoresha imashini ibumba inshinge kugira ngo ikore imipira ya aerosol (Berry Global muri Evansville yakoresheje abantu barenga 2,400 muri 2017).Isosiyete yaguzwe na Jack Berry Sr. mu 1983. Mu 1987, isosiyete yaguye bwa mbere hanze ya Evansville, ifungura ikigo cya kabiri i Henderson, muri Nevada.
Mu myaka yashize, Berry yarangije kugura ibintu byinshi, birimo ibikoresho bya Mammoth, Sterling Products, Tri-Plas, Alpha Products, PackerWare, Venture Packaging, Virginia Design Packaging, Inganda zikora ibicuruzwa, Knight Engineering na Plastike, Packinal Packaging, Poly-Seal, Landis Plastics , Euromex Plastics SA de CV, Itsinda rya Kerr, Covalence Ibikoresho Byihariye (byahoze ari ubucuruzi bwa Tyco Plastics & Adhesives ubucuruzi), Rollpak, Plastics Captive, MAC Closures, Superfos na Pliant Corporation.
Icyicaro gikuru cya Chicago Ridge, IL, Landis Plastics, Inc. gishyigikira abakiriya bo muri Amerika ya Ruguru hamwe n’ibikoresho bitanu byo mu rugo bitanga inshinge zashizwemo hamwe n’ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bipima amata n’ibindi biribwa.Mbere yo kugurwa na Berry Plastics mu 2003, Landis yagize iterambere rikomeye ry’ibicuruzwa kama 10.4% mu myaka 15 ishize.Mu 2002, Landis yinjije miliyoni 211.6 z'amadolari.
Muri Nzeri 2011, Berry Plastics yaguze 100% by'imari shingiro ya Rexam SBC ku giciro rusange cyaguzwe miliyoni 351 z'amadolari (akayabo ka miliyoni 340 z'amadolari y'amanyamerika yaguzwe), itera inkunga yo kugura amafaranga mu ntoki n'ibigo by'inguzanyo bihari.Rexam ikora ibipfunyika bikomeye, cyane cyane gufunga plastike, ibikoresho no gutanga sisitemu yo gufunga, hamwe na jarisi.Kugura byabazwe gukoresha uburyo bwo kugura, hamwe nigiciro cyubuguzi cyagabanijwe kumitungo n’umwenda ushobora kumenyekana hashingiwe ku gaciro kagereranijwe ku munsi wo kugura.Muri Nyakanga 2015, Berry yatangaje gahunda yo kugura Charlotte, AVINTIV ikorera muri Carolina y'Amajyaruguru ku giciro cya miliyari 2.45.
Muri Kanama 2016, Berry Global yaguze AEP Industries kuri miliyoni 765 US $.
Muri Mata 2017, isosiyete yatangaje ko izahindura izina ikitwa Berry Global Group, Inc. Mu Gushyingo 2017, Berry yatangaje ko yaguze Clopay Plastic Products Company, Inc kuri miliyoni 475 USD.Muri Kanama 2018, Berry Global yaguze Laddawn kumafaranga ataramenyekana.Muri Nyakanga 2019, Berry Global yaguze Itsinda rya RPC kuri miliyari 6.5 z'amadorali.Muri rusange, Berry ikirenge cye ku isi kizagera ahantu hasaga 290 ku isi, harimo ahantu muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo, Uburayi, Aziya, Afurika, Ositaraliya n'Uburusiya.Biteganijwe ko ubucuruzi bwahurijwe hamwe buzakoresha abantu barenga 48.000 ku migabane itandatu kandi bugatanga amafaranga agera kuri miliyari 13 z'amadolari, nk'uko raporo y’imari iheruka gutangazwa na Berry na RPC.
•3 Corporation Ishirahamwe ry'umupira
Ball Corporation ni isosiyete y'Abanyamerika ifite icyicaro i Westminster, muri Kolorado.Irazwi cyane mugukora hakiri kare ibirahuri, ibirahuri, nibicuruzwa bifitanye isano bikoreshwa murugo.Kuva yashingwa i Buffalo, muri New York, mu 1880, igihe yari izwi ku izina rya Wooden Jacket Can Company, isosiyete ya Ball yaguye kandi itandukanye mu yindi mishinga y'ubucuruzi, harimo n'ikoranabuhanga mu kirere.Amaherezo yaje kuba uruganda runini ku isi rukora ibinyobwa bisubirwamo kandi bikabikwa.
Abavandimwe ba Ball bahinduye ubucuruzi bwabo Ball Ball Brothers Glass Manufacturing Company, yashinzwe mu 1886. Icyicaro cyayo, kimwe n’ibikorwa by’ibirahure n’ibyuma, bimuriwe i Muncie, muri Leta ya Indiana, mu 1889. Ubucuruzi bwiswe Ball Brothers Company mu 1922. na Ball Corporation mu 1969. Yabaye isosiyete yimigabane yagurishijwe kumugaragaro ku isoko ryimigabane rya New York mu 1973.
Ball yavuye mu bucuruzi bwo mu rugo mu 1993 azenguruka icyahoze ari ishami ryayo (Alltrista) mu isosiyete yigenga, yiswe Jarden Corporation.Mu rwego rwo kuzenguruka, Jarden yemerewe gukoresha ikirango cyanditseho umupira kumurongo wibicuruzwa byo munzu.Uyu munsi, ikirango cya Ball kubibindi bya mason nibikoresho byo munzu ni ibya Newell Brands.
Mu myaka irenga 90, Ball yakomeje kuba ubucuruzi bwumuryango.Yiswe Ball Brothers Company mu 1922, yagumye izwi cyane mu gukora ibibindi byimbuto, ibipfundikizo, nibicuruzwa bifitanye isano no kubika urugo.Isosiyete kandi yinjiye mu yindi mishinga y'ubucuruzi.Kubera ko ibice bine byingenzi bigize umurongo wibicuruzwa byingenzi byibikarito birimo ibirahuri, zinc, reberi, nimpapuro, isosiyete ya Ball yaguze uruganda ruzunguruka rwa zinc kugirango rukore ibipfundikizo byicyuma kubibindi byabo byikirahure, ikora impeta zometseho ibibindi, yaguze urusyo rwo guhimba ibipaki bikoreshwa mu kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo.Isosiyete kandi yaguze amabati, ibyuma, hanyuma, amasosiyete ya pulasitike.
Ball Ball Corporation yagize ibyo ihindura ku bidukikije kuva mu 2006, ubwo isosiyete yatangiraga ibikorwa byayo bya mbere birambye.Muri 2008, Ball Corporation yasohoye raporo yambere irambye kandi itangira gusohora raporo zirambye nyuma kurubuga rwayo.Raporo yambere yari ACCA- Ceres Amajyaruguru Yumunyamerika Sustainability Awards watsindiye igihembo cyiza cya mbere cyumunyamakuru muri 2009.
•4 、 Tetra Pak International SA
Bose Bafite Inkunga ya Groupe Tetra Laval
Yashizwemo: 1951 nka AB Tetra Pak
Tetra Pak International SA ikora ibikoresho byanduye nk'amasanduku y'umutobe.Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo yamenyekanye hamwe n’amata yihariye ya tetrahedral yapakira amata, umurongo wibicuruzwa byikigo umaze kwiyongera ugizwe nibintu byinshi bitandukanye.Numuyobozi wambere utanga amacupa yamata ya plastike.Hamwe na sosiyete zayo, Tetra Pak ivuga ko ari yo yonyine itanga sisitemu yuzuye yo gutunganya, gupakira, no gukwirakwiza ibiribwa byamazi ku isi.Ibicuruzwa bya Tetra Pak bigurishwa mu bihugu birenga 165.Isosiyete isobanura ko ari umufatanyabikorwa mu guteza imbere ibitekerezo by’abakiriya aho kuba umucuruzi gusa.Tetra Pak n'ingoma yayo yashinze bazwiho guhisha inyungu;isosiyete y'ababyeyi Tetra Laval iyobowe n'umuryango wa Gad Rausing wapfuye mu 2000, abinyujije mu Buholandi bwanditswe na Yora Holding na Baldurion BV.Isosiyete yatangaje ko miliyari 94.1 zapakishijwe mu 2001.
Inkomoko
Dr. Ruben Rausing yavutse ku ya 17 Kamena 1895 i Raus, muri Suwede.Amaze kwiga ibijyanye n'ubukungu i Stockholm, yagiye muri Amerika mu 1920 yiga impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza ya Columbiya ya New York.Agezeyo, yiboneye ubwiyongere bw’amaduka y’ibiribwa yikorera wenyine, yizeraga ko vuba aha azaza mu Burayi, hamwe n’ibikenerwa cyane ku biribwa bipfunyitse.Mu 1929, hamwe na Erik Akerlund, yashinze isosiyete ya mbere yo gupakira Scandinaviya.
Gutezimbere ibikoresho bishya byamata byatangiye mu 1943. Intego yari iyo gutanga umutekano mwiza wibiryo mugihe ukoresheje ibikoresho bike.Ibikoresho bishya byakozwe mu muyoboro wuzuye amazi;ibice bimwe byafunzwe munsi yurwego rwibinyobwa imbere nta kwinjiza umwuka.Bivugwa ko Rausing yabonye igitekerezo cyo kureba umugore we Elizabeth yuzuza isosi.Erik Wallenberg, winjiye muri icyo kigo nk'umukozi wa laboratoire, ashimirwa mu buhanga bw'icyerekezo, aho yahembwaga SKr 3.000 (amezi atandatu y'umushahara icyo gihe).
Tetra Pak yashinzwe mu 1951 nk'ishami rya Akerlund & Rausing.Sisitemu nshya yo gupakira yashyizwe ahagaragara ku ya 18 Gicurasi uwo mwaka.Umwaka ukurikira, yagejeje imashini yambere yo gupakira amavuta mu makarito ya tetrahedral kwa Lundaortens Mejerifõrening, amata i Lund, muri Suwede.Igikoresho cya ml 100, cyari gitwikiriye plastiki aho kuba paraffine, cyiswe Tetra Classic.Mbere yibi, amata yuburayi ubusanzwe yatangaga amata mumacupa cyangwa mubindi bikoresho byazanwe nabakiriya.Tetra Classic yari isuku kandi, hamwe na buri muntu ku giti cye, byari byiza.
Ikigo cyakomeje kwibanda gusa kubipakira ibinyobwa mumyaka 40 iri imbere.Tetra Pak yerekanye ikarito ya mbere ya aseptic ku isi mu 1961. Bizamenyekana nka Tetra Classic Aseptic (TCA).Ibicuruzwa byari bitandukanye muburyo bubiri bwingenzi kuva Tetra Classic yumwimerere.Iya mbere yari mu kongeramo layer ya aluminium.Iya kabiri ni uko ibicuruzwa byahagaritswe ku bushyuhe bwinshi.Ipaki nshya ya aseptic yemereye amata nibindi bicuruzwa kubikwa amezi menshi nta firigo.Ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga mu biribwa cyise ibi bintu byingenzi bipfunyika ibiryo byo mu kinyejana.
Kubaka hamwe na Erik muri za 1970-80
Tetra Brik Aseptic (TBA), verisiyo y'urukiramende, yatangiriye mu 1968 kandi itera iterambere mpuzamahanga mu buryo butangaje.TBA yari kubara byinshi mubucuruzi bwa Tetra Pak mu kinyejana gitaha.Borden Inc. yazanye Brik Pak kubakoresha muri Amerika mu 1981 ubwo yatangiraga gukoresha iyi paki kumitobe yayo.Muri icyo gihe, Tetra Pak yinjije ku isi yose yari miliyari 9.3 (miliyari 1.1 $).Icyumweru cy’ubucuruzi cyatangaje ko mu bihugu 83, ababifitemo uruhushya bashyiraga hanze kontineri zirenga miliyari 30 ku mwaka, cyangwa 90 ku ijana by’isoko rya pase ya aseptic.Ikinyamakuru Financial Times cyo mu Bwongereza cyatangaje ko Tetra Pak yavuze ko yapakiye 40 ku ijana by'isoko ryo gupakira amata mu Burayi.Isosiyete yari ifite ibihingwa 22, bitatu muri byo byo gukora imashini.Tetra Pak yakoresheje abantu 6.800, abagera ku 2000 muri bo mu Busuwisi.
Ibikoresho bya Tetra Pak byamamaye cyane bya kawa-cream, bikunze kugaragara muri resitora, icyo gihe byari bike mubicuruzwa.Ikarito ya Tetra Prisma Aseptic, amaherezo yemejwe mu bihugu birenga 33, izaba imwe mu ntsinzi zikomeye z’isosiyete.Iyi karato ya mpandeshatu yagaragazaga gukurura-tab hamwe nurutonde rwo gucapa bishoboka.Tetra Fino Aseptic, yatangijwe mu Misiri, ni ikindi kintu gishya cyagenze neza mugihe kimwe.Iki gikoresho gihenze cyari kigizwe nimpapuro / umufuka wa polyethylene kandi wakoreshwaga kumata.Tetra Wedge Aseptic yagaragaye bwa mbere muri Indoneziya.Tetra Top, yatangijwe mu 1991, yari ifite hejuru ya plastiki idasubirwaho.
Twiyemeje gukora ibiryo neza kandi biboneka, ahantu hose.Dukorera hamwe nabakiriya bacu kugirango dutange ibisubizo byatoranijwe no gupakira ibiryo.Dushyira mu bikorwa ibyo twiyemeje guhanga udushya, gusobanukirwa ibyo abaguzi bakeneye, nubusabane bwacu nabatanga ibicuruzwa kugirango tubone ibisubizo, ahantu hose nigihe cyose ibiryo biribwa.Twizera ubuyobozi bushinzwe inganda, dushiraho iterambere ryunguka rijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije, hamwe nubwenegihugu bwiza.
Gad Rausing yapfuye mu 2000, asigira abana be ubwami bwa Tetra Laval - Jorn, Finn, na Kristen.Igihe yagurishaga umugabane we muri sosiyete murumuna we mu 1995, Hans Rausing yemeye kandi kutazahatana na Tetra Pak kugeza mu 2001. Yavuye mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru ashyigikira isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa byo muri Suwede, EcoLean, yeguriwe ibinyabuzima bishya “Lean-Material” byakozwe cyane cyane ya chalk.Rausing yaguze imigabane 57% muri uyu mushinga, washinzwe mu 1996 na Ake Rosen.
Tetra Pak yakomeje kwerekana udushya.Mu 2002, isosiyete yashyize ahagaragara imashini nshya yo gupakira yihuta, TBA / 22.Yashoboye gupakira amakarito 20.000 mu isaha, bigatuma yihuta kwisi.Iterambere ryabaye Tetra Recart, ikarito yambere kwisi yashoboye guhindagurika.
•5 、 Amcor
•5 、 Amcor
Amcor plc nisosiyete ipakira isi yose.Itezimbere kandi itanga ibicuruzwa byoroshye, ibikoresho bikarishye, amakarito yihariye, gufunga na serivisi kubiribwa, ibinyobwa, imiti, ibikoresho-byubuvuzi, urugo no kwita kubantu, nibindi bicuruzwa.
Isosiyete yatangiriye mu bucuruzi bwo gusya impapuro zashinzwe i Melbourne no muri Ositaraliya no mu micungararo yazo, mu myaka ya za 1860 zahurijwe hamwe nka Ositaraliya Paper Mills Company Pty Ltd, mu 1896.
Amcor ni isosiyete ikora ibintu bibiri, iri ku rutonde rw’imigabane ya Ositarariya (ASX: AMC) hamwe n’imigabane ya New York (NYSE: AMCR).
Kugeza ku ya 30 Kamena 2023, isosiyete yakoresheje abantu 41.000 kandi yinjiza miliyari 14.7 z'amadolari y'Amerika yo kugurisha mu bikorwa byakorewe ahantu hafi 200 mu bihugu birenga 40.
Mu kwerekana uko isi ihagaze, Amcor yashyizwe mu bipimo mpuzamahanga by’isoko ry’imigabane, harimo urutonde rwa Dow Jones Sustainability Index, CDP Climate Climate Disclosure Leadership Index (Ositaraliya), MSCI Global Sustainability Index, Igitabo cy’ishoramari cya Ethibel, hamwe na FTSE4Good Index Series.
Amcor ifite ibice bibiri byo gutanga raporo: Flexibles Packaging na Rigid Plastics.
Ibikoresho bya Flexibles Gutezimbere kandi bigatanga ibikoresho byoroshye hamwe namakarito yihariye.Ifite ibice bine byubucuruzi: Flexibles Europe, East East na Afrika;Flexibles Amerika;Flexibles Aziya ya pasifika;n'amakarito yihariye.
Rigid Plastics ni kimwe mu bitanga amasoko manini ku isi.Ifite ibice bine byubucuruzi: Ibinyobwa byo muri Amerika ya Ruguru;Amajyaruguru ya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru;Amerika y'Epfo;Gufunga Bericap.
Amcor iteza imbere kandi ikora ibipfunyika kugirango ikoreshwe hamwe nudukoryo, ibiryo na foromaje, foromaje na yogurt, umusaruro mushya, ibinyobwa n’ibikomoka ku matungo, hamwe n’ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bikarishye byerekana ibicuruzwa mu biribwa, ibinyobwa, imiti, hamwe n’ibice byita ku rugo.
Isosiyete ikora imiti y’imiti ku isi ikemura ibisabwa kuri dosiye y’ibice, umutekano, kubahiriza abarwayi, kurwanya impimbano no kuramba.
Ikarito yihariye ya Amcor ikozwe mubikoresho bya pulasitike ikoreshwa kumasoko atandukanye yanyuma, harimo imiti, ubuvuzi, ibiryo, imyuka na vino, ibicuruzwa byita kumurugo no murugo.Amcor nayo iratera imbere ikanakora vino no gufunga umwuka.
Muri Gashyantare 2018, isosiyete yamamaje ikoranabuhanga ryayo rya Liquiform, rikoresha ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse aho guhumeka umwuka kugira ngo icyarimwe bibe byuzuye kandi byuzuze ibikoresho bya pulasitike kandi bikuraho amafaranga ajyanye no guhuha gakondo, ndetse no gutunganya, gutwara, no kubika ibintu birimo ubusa.
Gupakira YPAK iherereye i Guangdong, mu Bushinwa.Yashinzwe mu 2000, ni isosiyete ikora umwuga wo gupakira hamwe ninganda ebyiri zitanga umusaruro.Twiyemeje kuba umwe mubatanga ibicuruzwa byambere ku isi.Kugirango duhuze ibyifuzo byabakiriya benshi, dukoresha plaque nini.Ibi bituma amabara yibicuruzwa byacu arigaragaza cyane kandi birambuye kurushaho;muriki gihe, hari abakiriya benshi bafite ibyo bakeneye gutumiza.Twatangije HP INDIGO 25K icapiro rya digitale, ryatumaga MOQ yacu iba 1000pcs kandi ikanahaza ibishushanyo bitandukanye.abakiriya bakeneye.Kubijyanye no gutanga umusaruro udasanzwe, tekinoroji ya ROUGH MATTE FINISH yatanzwe naba injeniyeri bacu ba R&D iri mubambere 10 ba mbere kwisi.Mubihe isi isaba iterambere rirambye, twatangije ibikoresho bisubirwamo / ifumbire mvaruganda kandi birashobora no gutanga icyemezo cyuko bihuye nyuma yuko ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mubigo byemewe kugirango bipimishe.Murakaza neza kutwandikira umwanya uwariwo wose, YPAK iri kumurimo wawe amasaha 24 kumunsi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-09-2023
