Gukura Ikawa Yisi yose: Gusebanya
Ibisabwa bya Kawa ku isi byiyongereye cyane mu myaka yashize, byerekana amateka mvugo ahishurira inganda ku isi. Kuva mu mihanda ya rustling yo mu mujyi wa New York kugeza ku bihimba bya kawa byakanda bya Kolombiya, urukundo rwo kwisiga, impumuroya atazi imipaka. Mugihe isi ifitanye isano cyane, gusaba ikawa bikura vuba, bitwarwa nibintu bitandukanye birimo guhindura ibyifuzo byabaguzi, kuzamuka kwinjiza kwabaguzi no kwagura umuco wa kawa kwisi yose.
Kwiyongera kwakoreshejwe ikawa birashobora kwitirirwa ibintu byinshi byingenzi. Ubwa mbere, hagaragaye kubaho imibereho yo mumijyi yatumye yiyongera mumibare ya kawa na cafe mumijyi minini kwisi. Ikwirakwizwa ryibi bice ntabwo ryatumye ikawa igera ku baguzi, ariko kandi yateguye ibintu by'imibereho yo kunywa ikawa. Cafe yateye imbere mumahuba yimibereho ye aho abantu bateranira gusabana, akazi cyangwa bafite akanya gato ko kwidagadura, bityo bikagira uruhare mu kwidagadura, bityo bikagira uruhare mu kwidagadura, bityo bikagira uruhare mu kwidagadura, bityo bigira uruhare mu kwidagadura, bityo bikagira uruhare mu kwidagadura, bityo bikagira uruhare mu kwidagadura bikenewe.
Byongeye kandi, gushimangira inyungu zubuzima bwibiribwa byaka ikawa buringaniye nabyo byanagize uruhare mu kwiyongera. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa ku buryo bushoboka bw'ubuzima bushobora kunono, bitezwa no kwemeza imikorere y'ubuvuzi kugirango tugabanye ibyago by'indwara zimwe. Nkigisubizo, abaguzi bagenda bareba ikawa atari isoko yingufu nubushyuhe, ariko kandi nkubuzima bushobora gutanga umusaruro wacyo.
Ikindi kintu gisaba igikinisho cya kawa kirashimishije cyinjiza mu bukungu bugaragara. Nk'abaturage bo mu rwego rwo hagati bakura mu bihugu nk'Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde na Berezile, abantu benshi kandi benshi bashobora kubona ibikombe bya kawa buri munsi. Byongeye kandi, iburengerazuba bwingeso zikoreshwa muri utwo turere zatumye habaho ikawa hejuru y'ibinyobwa gakondo, bikaba igice cyingenzi mubuzima bwa buri munsi bwa buri munsi.
Byongeye kandi, kwagura umuco wa kawa kagize uruhare runini mugukura kwa Kawa. Mbere, ikawa yakoreshejwe cyane cyane mu bihugu by'iburengerazuba, ariko uyu munsi kwakira imico ya kawa irashobora kugaragara mu turere nka Aziya no mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati, aho kunywa ikawa biriyongera. Iyi shift yatewe no gukwirakwiza iminyururu mpuzamahanga ya kawa, ingaruka z'imbuga nkoranyambaga no kwiyongera mu guhura no gushima ubwoko butandukanye bwa kawa ku isi.
Imikurire mu bisabwa bya kaka ku isi ifite ingaruka ku mpinduka ku nganda za kawa, igira ingaruka kuri byose mu buryo bwo kwamamaza. Kwiyongera ku bishyimbo byabo mu bihugu bitanga ikawa nka Berezile, Vietnam na Kolombiya byatumye habaho umusaruro no kohereza hanze. Iyi nzira ntigira ingaruka nziza gusa ku bukungu bw'ibi bihugu, ariko kandi itera amahirwe kubahinzi bato kugira uruhare mu masoko yisi yose, bityo bigatuma imibereho yabo.
Byongeye kandi, kwiyongera kwikawa byasabye inganda-guhinduranya inganda zerekeza kumubiri no gufatanya. Abaguzi bagenda bamenya ko ingaruka z'ibidukikije n'imibereho myiza y'ibicuruzwa bagura, bituma ikawa ikomoka ku myifatire kandi ihamye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amasoko menshi ya kawa ashora mubikorwa byinshuti rusange, hamwe nicyemezo cya fairtrade, hamwe nubusabane butaziguye hamwe nabahinzi ba kawa kugirango bahuze ibyifuzo byabaguzi babishinzwe.
Imikurire mu bisabwa cya kawa ku isi izana amahirwe n'ingososiyete ya kawa ku isi. Ku ruhande rumwe, icyifuzo cyo gukura cyateje isoko ryaka ku bicuruzwa bya kawa, bikavamo kugurisha no ku nyungu ku bakinnyi b'inganda. Ku rundi ruhande, ahantu harushanwa habaye cyane, hamwe n'ibigo byahatanira umugabane wagutse ku isoko. Kubwibyo, guhanga udushya no gutandukanya ni ngombwa kubucuruzi guhagarara no gukurura ibitekerezo byabaguzi bashishoza.
Muri make, imikurire yo gusaba ikawa ku isi ni ikintu gikomeye gitanga isokonga inganda za kawa no guhindura imyitwarire y'abaguzi ku isi. Inganda zitegurwa gukomeza gukura no gutera imbere nkurukundo rwa kawa rirenga imipaka n'imico. Kuva mu bihingwa bya kawa bihumva muri Amerika yepfo mu mihanda minini y'imijyi minini, urukundo rwa kawa ni ibisate, bitwara ibintu byo kumera byerekana ko nta kimenyetso cyo gutinda. Nkuko iryoheka rya kawa yisi ikomeje guhinduka, inganda zigomba kumenyera kandi zihanganye kugirango urukundo rwibinyobwa gihindutse rukomeze. Isoko rya Kawa rifite iterambere rikomeye, hamwe namakuru mashya yerekana ikawa yisi yose Ibyo kurya birazamuka. Nk'uko raporo iherutse ku bijyanye n'ubushakashatsi ku isoko ejo hazaza, biteganijwe ko isoko rya kawa ya kawa riza mu rwego rwo gukura ku mwaka wa 2021 kugeza 2027. Raporo ivuga ko iyi mikurire isaba Premium na Kawa yihariye, kimwe na kwamamare bikura ikawa. Ikawa mu baguzi bato.
Umwe mu bashoferi bakomeye bo mu mikurire ni ukubazwa cyane muri kawa hagati y'ikinyagihumbi na Gen z. Aya matsinda afite ubushake bwo gukoresha amafaranga kuri kawa nziza no gutwara ibicuruzwa byihariye nibicuruzwa bya Fremium. Ibi byatumye isoko rya kawa ryagura, hamwe n'amaduka menshi ya kawa hamwe na kawa yihariye ya kawa yihariye ifungura mu mijyi ku isi.
Usibye igihe cyagenwe cyaka ikawa nziza, hariho kandi icyerekezo cyo gutunganya ibidukikije kandi gituje ku gahato. Abaguzi bagenda bashakisha ikawa bakuze kandi basarurwa burundu kandi bafite ubushake bwo kwishyura amafaranga y'ibicuruzwa byujuje aya mahame. Ibi byashimangiye iterambere ryisoko kama na fairtrade, kimwe no kuzamuka kwibimi nko guhuza amashyamba na facentst.
Kuzuka kwa e-ubucuruzi nabwo byagize uruhare runini mugukura ku isoko rya kawa. Nkibiguzi byinshi kumurongo, ibirango bya kawa birashobora kugera ku bagore benshi kandi bagurishwa mu buryo butaziguye binyuze mu mbuga zabo bwite cyangwa ku mwanya wa gatatu ku isoko. Ibi bifasha gutwara ibicuruzwa no kongera ubumenyi bwibicuruzwa byihariye na premium.
Covid-19 Icyorezo nacyo cyagize ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko rya kawa. Mugihe gufunga amaduka na café byatumye habaho igihe gito mubicuruzwa, abaguzi benshi bahindutse gukora no kwishimira ikawa murugo. Ibi byatumye habaho kugurisha ibikoresho bya kawa nkimashini za Espresso, ikawa kandi isuka hejuru yimashini za kawa. Nkigisubizo, ibigo bikora ibikoresho bya kawa biracyakura nubwo ibibazo byabajijwe na pindemic.
Imikurire yisoko rya kawa ntabwo igarukira mubihugu byateye imbere. Kunywa ikawa birakura vuba mu masoko agaragara nk'Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde na Berezile binjiza amafaranga no guhindura ibyifuzo by'abaguzi bisaba ibicuruzwa bya Premium. Ibi bitera amahirwe akomeye kubarangiza rya kawa no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, kimwe ninyungu za kawa hamwe na kawa yihariye ya kawa ushakisha kwaguka mumasoko mashya.
Nubwo imyumvire yisoko rya kawa ari nziza, hariho nibibazo bimwe bishobora. Imihindagurikire y'ikirere ibangamira umusaruro wa kawa, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwo kuzamuka no guhindura ikirere bigira ingaruka ku ireme no gutanga umusaruro wa kawa. Byongeye kandi, guhungabana kwa politiki n'ubukungu mu turere dukora ikawa birashobora guhungabanya iminyururu kandi bigatuma ibiciro byo kwisiga.
Kugira ngo akemure ibyo bibazo, amasoko menshi ya kawa ashora imari mu bikorwa birambye kandi bigakora mu kugabanya ingaruka z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku musaruro wa kawa. Ibi bikubiyemo ibikorwa byo guteza imbere agroforestry, kuzamura imicungire y'amazi no gushyigikira abahinzi bato. Byongeye kandi, isosiyete yibanda ku guhanga udushya no gutunganya ikawa, hibandwa ku guteza imbere ubwoko bushya bw'ikawa rirwanya ingaruka z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
Muri rusange, ejo hazaza h'isoko rya kawa birasa, harakenewe cyane kopi ya kawa yo gutwara no guhanga udushya no guhanga udushya mu nganda. Mugihe ibyifuzo byabaguzi bikomeje guhindura no kumasoko mashya gufungura, amasoko ya kawa afite amahirwe akomeye yo kubaka ibirango byabyo no kwagura ubucuruzi bwabo. Ariko, ayo mahirwe agomba gushyira mu gaciro ko ari ngombwa gukemura ibibazo bibaye mu mihindagurikire y'ikirere no kwemeza ko inganda ndende inganda zikawa.
Turi abakora inzobere mu gukora imifuka yo gupakira ikawa mumyaka 20. Twabaye umwe mu bakora imifuka nini ya kawa mu Bushinwa.
Dukoresha ubwiza buhebuje bwa Wipf kuva mu Busuwisi kugirango ikawa yawe ishya.
Twateje imbere imifuka yinshuti yibidukikije, nkimifuka yifumbire hamwe namashashi. Nibihugu byiza byo gusimbuza imifuka isanzwe ya pulasitike.
Nyamuneka twohereze ubwoko bwimifuka, ibikoresho, ingano nubwinshi ukeneye. Turashobora rero kugusubiza.
Igihe cyagenwe: Feb-22-2024
