Gukura Ikawa Isabwa kwisi yose: Kurenga inzira
Ikawa ku isi ikenera kwiyongera mu myaka yashize, igaragaza inzira zigenda zivugurura inganda ku isi.Kuva mumihanda yuzuye yumujyi wa New York kugeza kumirima ya kawa ituje ya Kolombiya, gukunda iki kinyobwa cyijimye, impumuro nziza ntikigira umupaka.Isi igenda irushaho guhuzwa, isabwa rya kawa riragenda ryiyongera cyane, bitewe nimpamvu zitandukanye zirimo guhindura ibyo abaguzi bakunda, kuzamuka kwinjiza amafaranga ndetse no kwagura umuco wa kawa kwisi yose.
Ubwiyongere bukabije bwo kunywa ikawa bushobora guterwa nimpamvu nyinshi zingenzi.Ubwa mbere, hagaragaye imibereho yo mu mijyi ituje yatumye umubare w’ikawa na kafe byiyongera mu mijyi minini ku isi.Ikwirakwizwa ry’ibi bibuga ntabwo ryatumye gusa ikawa igera ku baguzi gusa, ahubwo yanasobanuye imibereho y’imibereho y’ikawa.Cafe yateye imbere mu bibanza by’imibereho aho abantu bateranira hamwe kugirango basabane, bakora cyangwa bishimira akanya ko kwidagadura, bityo bikagira uruhare mu gukenera ikawa.
Byongeye kandi, kurushaho kumenyekanisha ibyiza byubuzima bwo kunywa ikawa mu rugero nabyo byagize uruhare mu kwiyongera kw'ibisabwa.Ubushakashatsi buherutse kwerekana bwerekana ikawa ishobora guteza ubuzima bwiza, kuva mu kongera imikorere yubwenge kugeza kugabanya ibyago byindwara zimwe.Kubera iyo mpamvu, abaguzi barushaho kubona ikawa atari isoko yingufu nubushyuhe gusa, ahubwo banabona ko ari elixir yubuzima ishobora guteza imbere isi yose.
Ikindi kintu gitera ikawa ni ukongera amafaranga yinjira mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere.Mu gihe abaturage bo mu cyiciro cyo hagati biyongera mu bihugu nk'Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde na Berezile, abantu benshi kandi benshi barashobora kubona ikawa buri munsi.Byongeye kandi, uburengerazuba bw’imigenzo yo gukoresha muri utwo turere byatumye abantu bakunda ikawa kuruta ibinyobwa gakondo, bituma iba kimwe mu bigize ubuzima bwa buri munsi bwa buri munsi.
Byongeye kandi, kwagura umuco wa kawa ku isi byagize uruhare runini mu kuzamuka kw’ikawa.Mbere, ikawa yakoreshwaga cyane mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba, ariko muri iki gihe umuco w’ikawa urashobora kugaragara mu turere nka Aziya no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, aho ikawa ikomeje kwiyongera.Iri hinduka ryatewe no gukwirakwiza iminyururu mpuzamahanga y’ikawa, ingaruka z’imbuga nkoranyambaga no kurushaho gushishikarira kwibonera no gushima ubwoko butandukanye bwa kawa ku isi.
Ubwiyongere bw'ikawa ku isi yose bugira ingaruka ku nganda za kawa, bigira ingaruka kuri byose kuva ku musaruro kugeza ku ngamba zo kwamamaza.Kwiyongera kw'ibishyimbo byabo mu bihugu bitanga ikawa nka Burezili, Vietnam na Kolombiya byatumye umusaruro wiyongera ndetse no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.Iyi myumvire ntabwo igira ingaruka nziza gusa mubukungu bwibi bihugu, ahubwo inaha amahirwe abahinzi bato kwitabira amasoko yisi, bityo bakazamura imibereho yabo.
Byongeye kandi, kwiyongera kw'ikawa byatumye inganda zihinduka mu buryo burambye ndetse no gushaka isoko.Abaguzi bagenda bamenya ingaruka z’ibidukikije n’imibereho y’ibicuruzwa bagura, bigatuma ikawa ikomoka ku moko kandi ikorwa neza ku buryo burambye.Kubera iyo mpamvu, amasosiyete menshi yikawa ashora imari mubikorwa byangiza ibidukikije, icyemezo cya Fairtrade, hamwe nubucuruzi butaziguye nabahinzi ba kawa kugirango bahuze ibyifuzo byabaguzi bashinzwe.
Ubwiyongere bw'ikawa ku isi buzana amahirwe n'imbogamizi ku masosiyete ya kawa ku isi.Ku ruhande rumwe, kwiyongera kwinshi byatumye isoko ryiyongera ku bicuruzwa bya kawa, bituma ibicuruzwa byiyongera kandi byunguka ku bakora inganda.Ku rundi ruhande, imiterere y’irushanwa yarushijeho gukomera, hamwe n’amasosiyete aharanira umugabane w’isoko ugenda waguka.Kubwibyo, guhanga no gutandukanya nibyingenzi kugirango ubucuruzi bugaragare kandi bushimishe abakiriya bashishoza.
Muri make, ubwiyongere bw'ikawa ku isi ni ikintu gikomeye gihindura inganda za kawa kandi zikagira ingaruka ku myitwarire y'abaguzi ku isi.Inganda ziteguye gukomeza gutera imbere no gutera imbere kuko gukunda ikawa birenze imipaka n'imico.Kuva mu gihingwa cyiza cya kawa yo muri Amerika yepfo kugeza mumihanda yuzuye imijyi minini, gukunda ikawa biragenda byiyongera, bigatuma ibintu bigenda bigaragara ko nta kimenyetso cyerekana umuvuduko.Mu gihe ikawa ku isi ikomeje kwiyongera, inganda zigomba guhuza no guhanga udushya kugira ngo zuzuze ibisabwa ku isoko kandi harebwe ko gukunda iki kinyobwa gikundwa bikomeza kuba byiza mu bihe bizaza. Isoko rya kawa ririmo kwiyongera cyane, hamwe n’amakuru mashya yerekana ikawa ku isi ikoreshwa riragenda ryiyongera.Raporo iheruka gukorwa n’isoko ry’ubushakashatsi bw’isoko, biteganijwe ko isoko ry’ikawa ku isi riziyongera ku gipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka wa 5.5% kuva mu 2021 kugeza mu wa 2027. Raporo ivuga ko iri terambere ryiyongera ku gukenera ikawa nziza kandi idasanzwe, ndetse no kwiyongera kw'ikawa.Ikawa mu baguzi bato.
Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bitera iri terambere ni ukwiyongera kw'ikawa mu baguzi ba Millennial na Gen Z.Aya matsinda afite ubushake bwo gukoresha amafaranga muri kawa yujuje ubuziranenge no gutwara ibicuruzwa bya kawa yihariye kandi bihebuje.Ibi byatumye isoko rya kawa ryaguka, aho amaduka menshi yikawa hamwe na kawa yihariye ya kawa ifungura mumijyi kwisi.
Usibye kwiyongera kw'ikawa nziza, hari kandi inzira iganisha ku bidukikije bikomoka ku bidukikije kandi bikomoka ku moko.Abaguzi barashaka ikawa ikuze kandi igasarurwa ku buryo burambye kandi bafite ubushake bwo kwishyura igihembo ku bicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge.Ibi byatumye habaho iterambere ry’isoko rya kawa kama na Fairtrade, ndetse no kuzamuka kwimpamyabumenyi nka Rainforest Alliance na Fairtrade Certificat.
Ubwiyongere bwa e-ubucuruzi nabwo bwagize uruhare runini mu kuzamuka kw'isoko rya kawa.Mugihe abaguzi benshi bagura kumurongo, ibirango byikawa birashobora kugera kubantu benshi no kugurisha kubaguzi binyuze kurubuga rwabo cyangwa ku masoko y’abandi bantu.Ibi bifasha gutwara ibicuruzwa no kongera ubumenyi bwibicuruzwa bya kawa byihariye kandi bihebuje.
Icyorezo cya COVID-19 nacyo cyagize ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko rya kawa.Mu gihe gufunga amaduka y’ikawa na café byatumye igurishwa ry’agateganyo rigurishwa, abaguzi benshi bahindukiriye gukora no kwishimira ikawa mu rugo.Ibi byatumye igurishwa ry’ibikoresho bya kawa byiyongera nka mashini ya espresso, urusyo rwa kawa hamwe n’imashini zikawa.Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibigo bikora ibikoresho bya kawa biracyatera imbere nubwo ibibazo byatewe nicyorezo.
Ubwiyongere bw'isoko rya kawa ntibugarukira gusa mu bihugu byateye imbere.Gukoresha ikawa biriyongera cyane ku masoko azamuka nk'Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde na Berezile kuko kuzamuka kwinjiza no guhindura ibyo abaguzi bikenera bikenerwa ku bicuruzwa bya kawa bihendutse.Ibi bitanga amahirwe yingenzi kubakora ikawa no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, hamwe nu munyururu wa kawa hamwe n’abacuruzi badasanzwe ba kawa bashaka kwaguka ku masoko mashya.
Nubwo icyerekezo cy'isoko rya kawa ari cyiza, hari n'ingorane zimwe zishobora kubaho.Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ibangamiye cyane umusaruro w’ikawa, hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwiyongera n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bigira ingaruka ku bwiza n’umusaruro w’ibihingwa bya kawa.Byongeye kandi, ihungabana rya politiki n’ubukungu mu turere dutanga ikawa rishobora guhungabanya urunigi kandi biganisha ku ihindagurika ry’ibiciro.
Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, amasosiyete menshi y’ikawa ashora imari mu buryo burambye bwo gushakisha amasoko no gukora mu rwego rwo kugabanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku musaruro w’ikawa.Ibi bikubiyemo ingamba zo guteza imbere amashyamba, kunoza imicungire y’amazi no gutera inkunga abahinzi-borozi bato.Byongeye kandi, isosiyete yibanda ku guhanga udushya mu guhinga ikawa no kuyitunganya, hibandwa ku guteza imbere ubwoko bushya bwa kawa irwanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Muri rusange, ejo hazaza h'isoko rya kawa ni heza, hamwe n’ibikenerwa cyane ku ikawa yihariye kandi idasanzwe itera iterambere no guhanga udushya mu nganda.Mugihe ibyifuzo byabaguzi bikomeje guhinduka kandi amasoko mashya akingurwa, amasosiyete yikawa afite amahirwe akomeye yo kubaka ibicuruzwa byayo no kwagura ubucuruzi bwabo.Icyakora, ayo mahirwe agomba kuringanizwa hagamijwe gukemura ibibazo biterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kwemeza ko uruganda rwa kawa ruramba.
Turi uruganda ruzobereye mu gukora imifuka ipakira ikawa mu myaka irenga 20.Twabaye umwe mubakora ikawa nini mu Bushinwa.
Dukoresha indangagaciro nziza za WIPF ziva mu Busuwisi kugirango ikawa yawe igume nshya.
Twateje imbere imifuka yangiza ibidukikije, nk'imifuka y'ifumbire mvaruganda hamwe n’imifuka ishobora gukoreshwa.Nuburyo bwiza bwo gusimbuza imifuka isanzwe ya plastike.
Nyamuneka twohereze ubwoko bwimifuka, ibikoresho, ingano nubunini ukeneye.Turashobora rero kugusubiramo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-22-2024
