Indoneziya irateganya guhagarika kohereza mu mahanga ibishyimbo bya kawa mbisi
Nk’uko ibitangazamakuru byo muri Indoneziya bibitangaza, mu nama ya buri munsi y’abashoramari BNI yabereye mu kigo cy’amasezerano ya Jakarta kuva ku ya 8 kugeza ku ya 9 Ukwakira 2024, Perezida Joko Widodo yasabye ko iki gihugu gitekereza kubuza kohereza mu mahanga ibikomoka ku buhinzi bidatunganijwe nka kawa na kakao.
Biravugwa ko muri iyo nama, Perezida wa Indoneziya uriho ubu, Joko Widodo yagaragaje ko ubukungu bw’isi kuri ubu buhura n’ibibazo nk’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, umuvuduko w’ubukungu ndetse n’imivurungano ya politiki, ariko Indoneziya iracyitwaye neza. Mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2024, ubwiyongere bw'ubukungu bwa Indoneziya bwari 5.08%. Byongeye kandi, perezida avuga ko mu myaka itanu iri imbere, Indoneziya ku muturage GDP izarenga $ 7,000, bikaba biteganijwe ko izagera ku $ 9000 mu myaka icumi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, Perezida Joko yatanze ingamba ebyiri z'ingenzi: umutungo wo hasi no gukwirakwiza amakuru.
Byumvikane ko muri Mutarama 2020, Indoneziya yashyize ku mugaragaro itegeko ribuza inganda zoherezwa mu mahanga binyuze muri politiki yo hasi. Igomba gushongeshwa cyangwa gutunganywa mugace mbere yuko yoherezwa hanze. Irizera gukurura abashoramari gushora imari mu nganda zo muri Indoneziya gutunganya ubutare bwa nikel. Nubwo yarwanyijwe n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ndetse n’ibihugu byinshi, nyuma y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo, ubushobozi bwo gutunganya aya mabuye y’amabuye y'agaciro bwiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, kandi ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byavuye kuri miliyari 1.4-2 z’amadolari y’Amerika mbere y’uko bibujijwe kugera kuri miliyari 34.8 z’amadolari y’Amerika.
Perezida Joko yizera ko politiki yo hasi ikoreshwa no mu zindi nganda. Kubera iyo mpamvu, guverinoma ya Indoneziya kuri ubu irimo gutegura gahunda yo gushyira mu bikorwa izindi nganda zimeze nko gutunganya amabuye ya nikel, harimo ibishyimbo bya kawa bidatunganijwe, kakao, pepper na patchouli, ndetse no kwaguka bikagera mu nzego z’ubuhinzi, inyanja n’ibiribwa.
Perezida Joko yavuze kandi ko ari ngombwa gushishikariza inganda zitunganya umusaruro mwinshi mu gihugu no kugeza ubwenegihugu mu bijyanye n'ubuhinzi, inyanja n'ibiribwa hagamijwe kongera ikawa. Niba ibyo bihingwa bishobora gutezwa imbere, kubyutsa imbaraga no kwaguka, birashobora kwinjira mubikorwa byo hasi. Yaba ibiryo, ibinyobwa cyangwa amavuta yo kwisiga, hagomba gukorwa ibishoboka byose kugirango ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bidatunganijwe.
Biravugwa ko habaye urugero rwo kubuza kohereza mu mahanga ikawa idatunganijwe, kandi yari ikawa izwi cyane yo muri Jamayike Blue Mountain Kawa. Muri 2009, ikawa yubururu bwa Kawa yubururu ya Jamayike yari imaze kuba ndende cyane, kandi "Kawa yubururu bwa Kawa yubururu" yiganje ku isoko mpuzamahanga rya kawa muri kiriya gihe. Mu rwego rwo kwemeza isuku n’ubuziranenge bwa Kawa y’Ubururu, Jamaica yashyizeho politiki y’igihugu yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze (NES) muri kiriya gihe. Guverinoma ya Jamayike yashyigikiye byimazeyo ko Ikawa ya Blue Mountain Kawa yatekwa aho ikomoka. Byongeye kandi, muri kiriya gihe, ibishyimbo bya kawa byokeje byagurishijwe ku madorari 39.7 US $ ku kilo, mu gihe ibishyimbo byikawa byatsi byari 32.2 US $ ku kilo. Ibishyimbo bya kawa bikaranze byari bihenze cyane, bishobora kongera umusanzu w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri GDP.
Icyakora, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi mu myaka yashize hamwe n’ibisabwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga rya kawa ku ikawa ya boutique ikaranze, ubuyobozi bwa Jamaica bwo gucunga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga hamwe na kota byatangiye kugenda byoroha buhoro buhoro, none no kohereza mu mahanga ibishyimbo bya kawa bibisi nabyo. biremewe.
Kugeza ubu, Indoneziya ni yo ya kane mu bihugu byohereza ikawa mu mahanga. Imibare yatanzwe na guverinoma ya Indoneziya ivuga ko ubuso bwa Kawa muri Indoneziya bungana na hegitari miliyoni 1.2, mu gihe ubuso bwa kakao bugera kuri hegitari miliyoni 1.4. Isoko riteganya ko umusaruro wa kawa muri Indoneziya uzagera ku mifuka miliyoni 11.5, ariko Indoneziya ikoresha ikawa mu gihugu ni nini, kandi hari imifuka igera kuri miliyoni 6.7 y’ikawa ishobora koherezwa mu mahanga.
Nubwo muri iki gihe politiki yo kohereza ikawa idatunganijwe ikiri mu rwego rwo kuyishyiraho, iyo politiki imaze gushyirwa mu bikorwa, bizatuma igabanuka ry’isoko ry’ikawa ku isi, ari naryo rizamura izamuka ry’ibiciro. Indoneziya n’igihugu cya kane mu bihugu bitanga ikawa ku isi, kandi guhagarika ikawa yoherezwa mu mahanga bizagira ingaruka ku itangwa ry’isoko rya kawa ku isi. Byongeye kandi, ibihugu bitanga ikawa nka Burezili na Vietnam byatangaje ko igabanuka ry'umusaruro, kandi ibiciro bya kawa bikomeza kuba hejuru. Niba hashyizweho itegeko ryo guhagarika ikawa yo muri Indoneziya, ibiciro bya kawa bizamuka cyane.
Mu gihe cy’ikawa cya Indoneziya iheruka, umusaruro w’ibishyimbo bya kawa muri Indoneziya mu gihembwe cya 2024/25 biteganijwe ko uzaba imifuka miliyoni 10.9, muri yo imifuka igera kuri miliyoni 4.8 ikoreshwa mu gihugu, kandi kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibishyimbo bya kawa bizakoreshwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Niba Indoneziya iteza imbere gutunganya cyane ibishyimbo bya kawa, irashobora kugumana agaciro kiyongereye ko gutunganya byimbitse mugihugu cyayo. Icyakora, ku ruhande rumwe, isoko ryo mu mahanga rifite igice kinini cy’ibishyimbo bya kawa, ku rundi ruhande, isoko ry’ibishyimbo rya kawa riragenda rikunda kugurisha ibishyimbo bya kawa bishya bikaranze mu bihugu by’abaguzi, ibyo bigatuma politiki ishyirwa mu bikorwa ikemangwa cyane. . Andi makuru arakenewe kubijyanye niterambere rya politiki ya Indoneziya.
Nk’ibicuruzwa byinshi byohereza mu mahanga ibishyimbo bya kawa, politiki ya Indoneziya igira ingaruka zikomeye ku ikawa ku isi. Kugabanuka kw'ibikoresho fatizo no kuzamuka kw'ibiciro fatizo bivuze ko abacuruzi bakeneye kongera ibiciro byabo byo kugurisha. Niba abaguzi bazishyura igiciro ntikiramenyekana. Usibye politiki yibanze yo gusubiza, abatekamutwe bagomba no kuvugurura no kuzamura ibyo bapakira. Ubushakashatsi ku isoko bwerekana ko 90% by’abaguzi bazishyura ibicuruzwa byiza kandi byiza, kandi kubona uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa byizewe nabyo ni ikibazo.
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Kumugereka kuri catalog yacu, nyamuneka twohereze ubwoko bwimifuka, ibikoresho, ingano nubunini ukeneye. Turashobora rero kugusubiramo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-18-2024
