Amabwiriza mashya ya Espagne uburyo bwinshi bwo guteza imbere gupakira ibintu bya plastiki
Ku ya 31 Werurwe 2022, Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Espagne yemeje itegeko ry’ubukungu bw’umuzingi n’imyanda yanduye, ribuza ikoreshwa rya phalite na bispenol A mu gupakira ibiryo no gushyigikira kongera gupakira ibiryo mu 2022 Bizatangira gukurikizwa ku ya 9 Mata.
Iri tegeko rigamije kugabanya umusaruro w’imyanda, cyane cyane plastike imwe rukumbi, no gucunga ingaruka mbi ziterwa n’imyanda ku buzima bw’abantu n’ibidukikije, no guteza imbere ubukungu bw’umuzingi.Iri tegeko risimbuza Itegeko No 22/2011 ryerekeye kurwanya imyanda n’ubutaka bwanduye ryo ku ya 28 Nyakanga 2011 kandi rikubiyemo Amabwiriza (EU) 2018/851 yerekeye imyanda n’Amabwiriza (EU) 2019/904 yerekeye kugabanya Amabwiriza amwe n'amwe ku ngaruka ku bidukikije bimwe mubicuruzwa bya pulasitike byinjijwe muri sisitemu yemewe ya Espagne.
Gabanya ubwoko bwibicuruzwa bya pulasitike ku isoko
Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ingaruka z’ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike ku bidukikije, "Guteza imbere imyanda n’ubutaka byanduye by’ubukungu bw’umuzenguruko" yongeraho ubwoko bushya bwa plastiki bubujijwe gushyirwa ku isoko rya Esipanye:
1.Ibicuruzwa bya plastike byavuzwe mu gice cya IVB cy'umugereka w'Amabwiriza;
2.Ibicuruzwa byose bya pulasitike bikozwe hakoreshejwe plastike yangirika;
3.Ibicuruzwa bya plastike byongeweho nkana microplastique itarenze mm 5.
Ku bijyanye n’ibibujijwe bivugwa mu gice, hazakurikizwa ibiteganywa n’umugereka wa XVII w’Amabwiriza (EC) No 1907/2006 y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Uburayi n’Inama Njyanama (REACH Regulation).
Umugereka wa IVB werekana ko ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa nka pamba, ibikoresho, amasahani, ibyatsi, amacupa y’ibinyobwa, inkoni zikoreshwa mu gutunganya no guhuza imipira, ibikoresho by’ibinyobwa bikozwe muri polystirene yagutse, n’ibindi bibujijwe gushyirwa ku isoko, nka kubikorwa byubuvuzi, nibindi usibye ko biteganijwe ukundi.
Teza imbere gutunganya plastike no kuyikoresha
Itegeko ry’ubukungu bw’imyanda n’imyanda yanduye rihindura intego za plastiki zongeye gukoreshwa mu Itegeko No 22/2011: mu 2025, amacupa yose ya polyethylene terephthalate (PET) agomba kuba arimo byibuze 25% bya plastiki yatunganijwe, Mu 2030, amacupa ya PET agomba kuba arimo nibura 30% byongeye gukoreshwa.Aya mabwiriza biteganijwe ko azamura iterambere ryisoko rya kabiri rya PET yongeye gukoreshwa muri Espagne.
Byongeye kandi, mu rwego rwo guteza imbere gutunganya ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki, igice cya pulasitiki cyongeye gukoreshwa gikubiye mu bicuruzwa bitangirwa umusoro ntabwo gisoreshwa.Uburyo bwo gutumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biri mu rwego rw’imisoro bigomba kwandika umubare w’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bidatunganijwe neza.Aya mabwiriza azatangira gukurikizwa guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2023.
Guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2023, hakurikijwe amahame y’ubukungu bw’umuzenguruko, Espagne izatangira gushyiraho umusoro wa pulasitike ku bipfunyika rimwe gusa, bidashobora gukoreshwa.
Ibintu bisoreshwa:
Harimo n'abakora ibicuruzwa muri Espagne, amasosiyete n'abikorera ku giti cyabo batumiza muri Espagne kandi bakora amasoko muri EU.
Ingano y’imisoro:
Harimo igitekerezo kinini cy "" ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bidasubirwaho ", harimo:
1. Ikoreshwa mu gukora ibicuruzwa bidasubirwaho bipfunyika ibicuruzwa bitarangiye;
2. Ikoreshwa mugukingira, gucuruza cyangwa kwerekana ibicuruzwa bya plastiki bidashobora gukoreshwa;
3. Ibikoresho bya plastiki bidashobora gukoreshwa.
Ingero zimwe zibicuruzwa biri murwego rwo gusoresha zirimo ariko ntibigarukira gusa: imifuka ya pulasitike, amacupa ya pulasitike, udusanduku twa paki twa plastike, firime zipakira plastike, kaseti zapakira plastike, ibikombe bya pulasitike, ibikoresho byo kumeza, ibikoresho bya pulasitike, ibyatsi bya pulasitike, nibindi.
Niba ibyo bicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu gupakira ibiryo, ibinyobwa, ibikenerwa bya buri munsi cyangwa ibindi bintu, igihe cyose ibipapuro byo hanze bipfunyitse bikozwe muri plastiki, imisoro yo gupakira bizakoreshwa.
Niba ari plastiki isubirwamo, hasabwa icyemezo gisubirwamo.
igipimo cy'umusoro:
Igipimo cy'umusoro ni EUR 0.45 ku kilo hashingiwe ku kumenyekanisha uburemere buke mu ngingo ya 47.
Igitekerezo cyo kurengera ibidukikije n’iterambere rirambye kirimo kwitabwaho mu bihugu byinshi ku isi.Nkigisubizo, haragenda hibandwa ku gukenera gusimbuza igikoresho kimwe cya pulasitiki hamwe n’ibishobora gukoreshwa cyangwa kwangirika.Iri hinduka ryatewe no kumenya ingaruka mbi imyanda ya pulasitike igira ku bidukikije, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’umwanda no kugabanuka kw’umutungo kamere.
Mu gusubiza iki kibazo cy’ingutu, ibihugu byinshi bishyira imbere gushakisha ibicuruzwa byizewe kugira ngo byoroherezwe guhinduranya ibikoresho bya pulasitiki mu buryo busubirwamo cyangwa bushobora kwangirika.Ikigamijwe ni ugusimbuza burundu ibipfunyika bya pulasitiki n'ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije, bityo bikagabanya umutwaro w’ibidukikije uterwa na plastiki idasubirwaho.
Guhindura ibipfunyika bya pulasitike bikajya mu bikoresho bisubirwamo cyangwa bigashobora kwangirika ni intambwe yingenzi yo kugera ku buryo burambye no kugabanya ibidukikije by’inganda zitandukanye.Mugukurikiza iri hinduka, ubucuruzi n’abaguzi kimwe bashobora kugira uruhare mu kurengera ibidukikije n’umutungo kamere.
Ibikoresho bipfunyika kandi bishobora kwangirika bitanga igisubizo cyiza kubibazo biterwa nububiko bwa plastiki gakondo.Ntabwo ubundi buryo bugabanya gusa gushingira kubutunzi budasubirwaho, binafasha kugabanya ikwirakwizwa ryimyanda ya plastike mumyanda ninyanja.Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bisubirwamo kandi byangiza ibinyabuzima bifasha ubukungu bwizunguruka mu guteza imbere kongera gukoresha no gutunganya ibikoresho, bityo bikagabanya ingaruka rusange z’ibidukikije.
Mu gihe icyifuzo cyo gupakira ibidukikije cyangiza ibidukikije gikomeje kwiyongera, inganda zirimo kwiyongera mu guhanga udushya n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rigamije guteza imbere ibisubizo birambye bipakira.Ibi birimo gushakisha ibikoresho bishya nibikorwa byo gukora byubahiriza amahame yo kwita kubidukikije no gukoresha neza umutungo.
Muncamake, gusimburana vuba kubipfunyika bya pulasitike hamwe nibindi bisubirwamo cyangwa ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika byerekana impinduka zikomeye zijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije.Mu gushyira imbere ibipfunyika bitangiza ibidukikije, ibihugu n’amasosiyete birafata ingamba zihamye zo gukemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije bijyanye n’imyanda ya plastiki.Iri hinduka ntirishimangira gusa ubushake bwo kurengera ibidukikije ahubwo binagaragaza imbaraga rusange zo kubaka ejo hazaza harambye kandi hashobora kubaho ibisekuruza bizaza.
Turi uruganda ruzobereye mu gukora imifuka ipakira ikawa mu myaka irenga 20.Twabaye umwe mubakora ikawa nini mu Bushinwa.
Dukoresha indangagaciro nziza za WIPF ziva mu Busuwisi kugirango ikawa yawe igume nshya.
Twateje imbere imifuka yangiza ibidukikije, nkimifuka ifumbire、ibikapu bisubirwamo hamwe nibikoresho bya PCR.Nuburyo bwiza bwo gusimbuza imifuka isanzwe ya plastike.
Kumugereka kuri catalog yacu, nyamuneka twohereze ubwoko bwimifuka, ibikoresho, ingano nubunini ukeneye.Turashobora rero kugusubiramo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-12-2024
