Imithetho emitsha yaseSpain eneendlela ezininzi zokukhuthaza ukupakishwa kwakhona kweplastiki
Ngomhla wama-31 kuMatshi ka-2022, iPalamente yaseSpain yapasisa iNkunkuma kunye noMthetho woKhuthazo loMhlaba oKhuthaza iSetyhula, ukuvala ukusetyenziswa kwe-phthalates kunye ne-bisphenol A ekupakishweni kokutya kunye nokuxhasa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ukupakishwa kokutya ngo-2022 Kuya kuqalisa ngokusemthethweni nge-9 ka-Epreli.
Umthetho ujolise ekunciphiseni ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma, ngakumbi iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye, kunye nokulawula impembelelo embi yokupakishwa kwenkunkuma kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso loqoqosho olujikelezayo.Lo mthetho uthatha indawo yoMthetho onguNombolo wama-22/2011 woLawulo lweNkunkuma kunye noMhlaba oNcitshisiweyo we-28 kaJulayi 2011 kwaye ubandakanya i-Directive (EU) 2018/851 kwinkunkuma kunye ne-Directive (EU) 2019/904 ekunciphiseni iMithetho ethile kwimpembelelo yokusingqongileyo. ezinye iimveliso zeplastiki zafakwa kwinkqubo yomthetho yaseSpain.
Zithintele iintlobo zeemveliso zeplastiki kwimarike
Ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo yeemveliso zeplastiki kokusingqongileyo, "iNkunkuma kunye neNkuthazo yomhlaba oNcitshisiweyo woMthetho woQoqosho lweSetyhula" yongeza iindidi ezintsha zeeplastiki ezingavumelekanga ukuba zibekwe kwimarike yaseSpain:
1.Iimveliso zePlastiki ezikhankanywe kwicandelo IVB leSihlomelo soMmiselo;
2.Nayiphi na imveliso yeplastiki eyenziwe kusetyenziswa iiplastiki ezonakeleyo nge-oxidative;
3.Iimveliso zePlastiki ezine-microplastics ezongeziweyo ngamabomu ngaphantsi kwe-5 mm.
Ngokumalunga nezithintelo ezichazwe ngokuyinxalenye, imimiselo yeSihlomelo XVII kuMmiselo (EC) No 1907/2006 yePalamente yaseYurophu kunye neBhunga (REACH Regulation) iya kusebenza.
I-Annex IVB ibonisa ukuba iimveliso zeplastiki ezilahlwayo ezifana ne-cotton swabs, i-cutlery, iipleyiti, i-straws, iibhotile zesiselo, izinti ezisetyenziselwa ukulungisa nokudibanisa iibhaluni, izitya zesiselo ezenziwe nge-polystyrene eyandisiweyo, njl. njl. ngeenjongo zonyango, njl. Ngaphandle kokuba kubonelelwe ngenye indlela.
Ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa ngokutsha kweplastiki nokusetyenziswa kwayo
UMthetho weSetyhula yoQoqosho lweNkunkuma noMhlaba oNcitshisiweyo wenza izilungiso kwiithagethi zeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo kwakhona kuMthetho 22/2011: ngo-2025, zonke iibhotile ze-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) mazibe ubuncinane ne-25% yeplastiki esetyenzisiweyo, ngo-2030, iibhotile ze-PET mazibe ubuncinane. I-30% yeplastiki esetyenzisiweyo.Lo mmiselo kulindeleke ukuba ukhuthaze uphuhliso lwentengiso yesibini ye-PET esetyenzisiweyo eSpain.
Ukongeza, ukwenzela ukukhuthaza ukurisayikilishwa kweemveliso zeplastiki, inxalenye yeplastiki esetyenzisiweyo equlethwe kwiimveliso eziphantsi kwerhafu ayirhafiswa.Inkqubo yokungeniswa kweemveliso ngaphakathi kwendawo ekujoliswe kuyo yerhafu kufuneka irekhode ubungakanani beeplastiki ezingaphinda zisetyenziswe.Lo mmiselo uya kuqala ukusebenza ukususela nge-1 kaJanuwari 2023.
Ukususela ngomhla we-1 kaJanuwari 2023, ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yoqoqosho lwesetyhula, iSpeyin iya kuqala ukumisela irhafu yeplastiki kwi-single-use-single-reusable package.
Izinto ezirhafiswa:
Kubandakanya abavelisi baseSpain, iinkampani kunye nabantu abazisebenzelayo abangenisa eSpain kwaye bazibandakanye ekuthengeni izinto ngaphakathi kwe-EU.
Umda werhafu:
Iqulethe ingqikelelo ebanzi "yokupakisha kweplastiki engenakuphinda isetyenziswe", kuquka:
1. Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iplastiki yokupakishwa engasetyenziswanga kwakhona iimveliso ezigqityiweyo;
2. Isetyenziselwa ukuvala, ukurhweba okanye ukubonisa iimveliso zeplastiki ezingaphindi zisetyenziswe;
3. Izikhongozeli zeplastiki ezingaphindi zisetyenziswe.
Eminye imizekelo yeemveliso phakathi komda werhafu ibandakanya kodwa ayiphelelanga apho: iingxowa zeplastiki, iibhotile zeplastiki, iibhokisi zokupakisha zeplastiki, iifilim zokupakisha zeplastiki, iiteyiphu zokupakisha zeplastiki, iikomityi zeplastiki, iitafile zeplastiki, izitro zeplastiki, iingxowa zokupakisha zeplastiki, njl.
Ingaba ezi mveliso zisetyenziselwa ukupakisha ukutya, iziselo, iimfuno zemihla ngemihla okanye ezinye izinto, nje ukuba ukupakishwa kwangaphandle kwephakheji kwenziwa ngeplastiki, irhafu yokupakisha iplastiki iya kuhlawuliswa.
Ukuba yiplastiki enokuphinda isetyenziswe, kufuneka isatifikethi sokusebenza kwakhona.
izinga lerhafu:
Izinga lerhafu yi-EUR 0.45 ngekhilogram esekelwe kwisibhengezo sobunzima bomnatha kwiSiqendu 47.
Iingcamango zokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo zifumana ingqalelo kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi jikelele.Ngenxa yoko, kukho ugxininiso olukhulayo kwisidingo sokutshintsha ipakethe yeplastiki esetyenziswa kanye kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe okanye ezinokonakala.Olu tshintsho luqhutywa kukuqondwa kwempembelelo enobungozi yenkunkuma yeplastiki kwindalo esingqongileyo, ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kungcoliseko nokuncipha kobutyebi bendalo.
Ukuphendula lo mba ucinezelayo, amazwe amaninzi abeka phambili ukhangelo lwabaniki-nkonzo abathembekileyo ukuququzelela uguqulo lokupakishwa kweplastiki kwiindlela ezizezinye ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe okanye ezinokonakala.Injongo kukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo ukupakishwa kweplastiki kunye nezinto ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe umthwalo wokusingqongileyo obangelwa ziiplastiki ezingaphindi zisetyenziswe.
Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwipakethe yeplastiki ukuya kwipakethe enokuphinda isetyenziswe okanye i-biodegradable linyathelo elibalulekileyo elibhekiselele ekufezekiseni uzinzo kunye nokunciphisa indawo yendalo kumashishini ahlukeneyo.Ngokwamkela olu tshintsho, amashishini kunye nabathengi ngokufanayo banokufaka isandla ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo kunye nemithombo yendalo.
Izinto ezipakishwayo ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe nezinokonakala zinika isisombululo esithembisayo kwimingeni ebangelwa kukupakishwa kweplastiki yemveli.Ayipheleli nje ekunciphiseni ukuthembela kwimithombo engahlaziyekiyo, ikwanceda ekunciphiseni ukuqokelelana kwenkunkuma yeplastiki kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma nakwiilwandlekazi.Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwepakethe enokuphinda isetyenziswe kunye ne-biodegradable ixhasa uqoqosho lwesetyhula ngokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezinto, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo jikelele.
Njengoko imfuno yokupakishwa kwe-eco-friendly iqhubeka nokukhula, ishishini libona ukwanda kwezinto ezintsha kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ejolise ekuphuhliseni izisombululo zokupakisha ezizinzileyo.Oku kubandakanya ukuphonononga imathiriyeli emitsha kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ezihambelana nemithetho-siseko yogcino lwendalo esingqongileyo nokusebenza kakuhle kwezibonelelo.
Ngamafutshane, ukutshintshwa okukufuphi kokupakishwa kweplastiki ngeendlela ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe okanye ezinokonakala kwindalo ephilayo kubonisa utshintsho olubalulekileyo olusingise kuzinzo lokusingqongileyo.Ngokubeka phambili ukupakishwa kokusingqongileyo, amazwe kunye neenkampani zithatha amanyathelo asebenzayo ukulungisa imingeni yokusingqongileyo ehambelana nenkunkuma yeplastiki.Olu tshintsho alugxininisi kuphela ukuzinikela kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kodwa lukwabonisa umzamo ohlangeneyo wokwakha ikamva elizinzileyo nelizinzileyo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Singumvelisi okhethekileyo ekuveliseni iingxowa zokupakisha zekofu ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20.Siye saba ngomnye wabenzi bebhegi yekofu enkulu eTshayina.
Sisebenzisa iivalvu ze-WIPF ezisemgangathweni ezisuka eSwitzerland ukugcina ikofu yakho intsha.
Siphuhlise iingxowa ezilungele indalo, njengeengxowa ezivundisiweyo,iingxowa ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kunye nokupakishwa kwezinto zePCR.Zizona zikhetho ezingcono zokutshintsha iingxowa zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo.
Iqhotyoshelwe kwikhathalogu yethu, nceda usithumelele uhlobo lwebhegi, izinto eziphathekayo, ubungakanani kunye nobuninzi obufunayo.Ngoko sinokukucaphula.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-12-2024
