Ulwazi Lwekhofi - Izithelo Zekhofi Nembewu
Imbewu yekhofi nezithelo kuyizinto eziyisisekelo zokwenza ikhofi. Zinezakhiwo zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezingxenye zamakhemikhali ezicebile, ezithinta ngokuqondile ukunambitheka nokunambitheka kweziphuzo zekhofi.
Okokuqala, ake sibheke isakhiwo sangaphakathi sezithelo zekhofi. Izithelo zekhofi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-cherries ekhofi, futhi ingaphandle lawo lihlanganisa ikhasi, i-pulp, ne-endocarp. Ikhasi liwungqimba olungaphandle lwe-cherry, i-pulp ingxenye ye-cherry enenyama emnandi, kanti i-endocarp ifilimu egoqa imbewu. Ngaphakathi kwe-endocarp, ngokuvamile kunezinhlamvu ezimbili zekhofi, ezibizwa nangokuthi ubhontshisi wekhofi.
Imbewu yekhofi nezithelo ziqukethe izakhi ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali, okubaluleke kakhulu okuyi-caffeine. I-caffeine iyi-alkaloid yemvelo enomphumela wokuvuselela isimiso sezinzwa futhi iyisithako esiyinhloko esiphuzweni sekhofi esenza abantu bazizwe bejabule. Ngaphezu kwe-caffeine, imbewu yekhofi nezithelo zicebile ngama-antioxidants, njenge-polyphenols nama-amino acid, anenzuzo empilweni yomuntu.
Mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwekhofi emhlabeni wonke, ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-International Coffee Organization (ICO), ukukhiqizwa kwekhofi minyaka yonke emhlabeni wonke cishe izikhwama eziyizigidi ezingu-100 (60 kg / isikhwama), lapho ikhofi ye-Arabica ihlanganisa cishe u-65% -70%. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ikhofi ngesinye seziphuzo ezidumile emhlabeni futhi sibaluleke kakhulu emnothweni womhlaba.
Izimbangela zokubaba kwekhofi
Omunye wemithombo yekhofi ebabayo izimibalabala ezinsundu. Ama-pigment amakhulu ama-molecule ansundu azoba nokumunyu okunamandla; njengoba inqubo yokuthosa ijula, inani lemibala ensundu nalo lizokhula, futhi ingxenye yemibala emikhulu ensundu nayo izokhula ngokufanele, ngakho ukubaba nokuthungwa kukabhontshisi wekhofi othosiwe kuyoba namandla.
Esinye isizathu sokubaba kwekhofi "i-cyclic diamino acid" eyakhiwe ama-amino acid namaprotheni ngemva kokushisa. Izakhiwo zamangqamuzana ezakhayo zihlukile, futhi ukumunyu nakho kuhlukile. Ngaphandle kwekhofi, i-cocoa kanye nobhiya obumnyama nabo banezithako ezinjalo.
Ngakho singalilawula izinga lokucasuka? Impendulo inguyebo. Singakwazi ukulawula ukubaba ngokushintsha uhlobo lukabhontshisi wekhofi, izinga lokugazinga, indlela yokugazinga, noma indlela yokukhipha.
Kuyini ukunambitheka okumuncu ekhofini?
Izithako ezimuncu kubhontshisi wekhofi zihlanganisa i-citric acid, i-malic acid, i-quinic acid, i-phosphoric acid, njll. Kodwa lokhu akukona ukunambitheka okumuncu esikuzwayo lapho siphuza ikhofi. Ukunambitheka okumuncu esikunambithayo ikakhulukazi kuvela ku-asidi ekhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo yokosa.
Lapho ugazinga ubhontshisi wekhofi, ezinye izakhi kubhontshisi zizobhekana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali ukuze zenze ama-asidi amasha. Isibonelo esimele kakhulu ukuthi i-chlorogenic acid iyabola ukuze yakhe i-quinic acid, futhi ama-oligosaccharides ayabola enze i-volatile formic acid ne-acetic acid.
I-asidi eningi kubhontshisi ogazingiwe i-quinic acid, eyanda njengoba ukugazinga kuya kujula. Ayinayo kuphela okuqukethwe okuphezulu, kodwa futhi inokunambitheka okumuncu okunamandla, okuwumthombo oyinhloko wobumuncu bekhofi. Ezinye ezifana ne-citric acid, i-acetic acid, ne-malic acid nazo ziphakeme kakhulu ekhofini. Amandla kanye nezakhiwo zama-asidi ahlukahlukene ahlukile. Nakuba zonke zimuncu, izithako zazo empeleni ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Indlela ukunambitheka okumuncu okukhishwa ngayo ihlukile kuye ngokuthi isimo sephethini. Kukhona into ku-quinic acid engakhipha kokubili ukunambitheka okumuncu futhi ifihle ukunambitheka okumuncu. Isizathu sokuthi kungani ikhofi eligaywe liba muncu kakhulu yingoba ubumuncu obebufihliwe ekuqaleni bushabalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuze ulondoloze ukunambitheka okusha kukabhontshisi wekhofi, okokuqala udinga ukupakishwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nomphakeli wokupakisha onokukhiqiza okuzinzile.
Singumkhiqizi onguchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni izikhwama zokupakisha zekhofi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Sesibe ngomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu bezikhwama zekhofi eChina.
Sisebenzisa amavalvu ekhwalithi angcono kakhulu e-WIPF avela eSwitzerland ukuze sigcine ikhofi lakho lilisha.
Senze izikhwama eco-friendly, njengezikhwama ezivundisiwe kanye nezikhwama ezigaywa kabusha, kanye nezinto zakamuva ezethulwe ze-PCR.
Uma udinga ukubuka isitifiketi sokufaneleka se-YPAK, sicela uchofoze ukuze usithinte.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-02-2024
